1.What output will this code produce ?

<?php 
    class Disney
    {
        public $cartoon;

        function __construct($cartoon)
        {
            $this->cartoon = $cartoon;
        }
    }

    $disney = new Disney("The Beauty and The Beast");
    $waltDisney = $disney;
    $waltDisney->cartoon = "Pinocchio";
    echo $disney->cartoon;

"Pinocchio" because $waltDisney and $Disney are pointing to the same object

"The Beauty and The Beast" because the $cartoon property in the $waltDisney object was changed

NULL because the Disney class was not instanciated inside the $waltDisney variable

2.What happens when the code below is executed ?

  <?php
    class foo
    {
      private $variable;

      function __construct()
      {
        $this->variable = 1;
      }

      function __get($name)
      {
        return $this->$name;
      }
    }
    $a = new foo;
    echo $a->variable;
  ?>

The script outputs 1

Fatal error: Cannot access private property foo::$variable

The script outputs 0

3.What is the output of the code below ?

    
    $now  = new DateTime();
    $now2 = new DateTime();

    $ago  = new DateInterval('P4Y10M3W');
    $ago2 = new DateInterval('P4Y10M2W7D');

    $then  = $now->sub($ago);
    $date1 = $then->format('Y-m-d');

    $then2 = $now2->sub($ago2);
    $date2 = $then2->format('Y-m-d');

    var_dump ($date1 === $date2);
    

bool(false) - because the '2W' part in $ago2 will get overwritten by the '7D' part and therefor the second date interval will be 2 Weeks shorter than the first interval.

bool(true) - because the two interval definitions are equivalent.

bool(false) and the script will throw a notice because the date/time interval notation in the $ago2 variable is wrong.

4.What is the output of the code below ?

  
    <?php
    namespace animals;

    ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);
    ini_set('display_errors', 'on');

    class Cat
    {
      static function Definition()
      {
        return 'Cats are ' . __NAMESPACE__;
      }
    }

    namespace animals\pets;

    class Cat
    {
      static function Definition()
      {
        return 'Cats are ' . __NAMESPACE__;
      }
    }

    echo Cat::Definition();    
  

Cats are animals\pets

Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class Cat

Fatal error: Cannot re-declare class animals\pets\Cat in sub-namespace

5.When running PHP's built in FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) which of the following statements are true ?

Settings initialized in the php-fpm.conf file with php_admin_flag can not be overwritten in the code through ini_set()

It doesn't provide any easy way of debugging slow performing requests/scripts

The special fastcgi_finish_request() function allows PHP to finish request and flush all data while continuing to do various tasks in the background.

6.What is the best way to store and verify passwords in PHP ?

Using a hashing algorithm like md5 or sha256 and then, when verifying compare the stored hash with the hash of the string submitted by the user

Using the built in password_create() and password_verify() functions in PHP

Using the strongest to date hashing algorithm combined with a salt to avoid dictionary attacks.

7.How does Opcode Cache improve performance in PHP 5.5+ ?

Opcode Cache stores objects in memory so that they can be accessed directly by other processes.

Opcode Cache stores database query results thus eliminating the need of executing those queries again

OPcache stores precompiled script bytecode in memory, thus removing the need to load and parse scripts on each request.

8.Which of the following functions could be used to break a string into an array?

array_split()

split()

string_split()

preg_match_all()

explode()

9.Which function would you use to add an element to the beginning of an array?

array_shift()

array_push()

$array[0] = "value";

array_unshift()

array_pop()

10.What is the result of the following code snippet? $array = array('a' => 'John', 'b' => 'Coggeshall', 'c' => array('d' => 'John', 'e' => 'Smith')); function something($array) { extract($array); return $c['e']; } print something($array);

Smith

A PHP Warning

Coggeshall

NULL

Array

11.What is the output of the following PHP code? define("FOO", 10); $array = [10 => FOO,"FOO" => 20]; print $array[$array[FOO]] * $array["FOO"];

FOO

100

200

20

10

12.What is the output of the following PHP script? $a = 1; $b = 2.5; $c = 0xFF; $d = $b + $c; $e = $d * $b; $f = ($d + $e) % $a; print ($f + $e);

643.75

432

643

257

432.75

13.What is the output of the following? $a = 010; $b = 0xA; $c = 2; print $a + $b + $c;

20

22

$a is an invalid value

2

14.Given a PHP value, which sample shows how to convert the value to JSON?

$string = json_encode($value);

$string = Json::encode($value);

$json = new Json($value); $string = $json->__toString();

$value = (object) $value; $string = $value->__toJson();

15.Transactions are used to...

guarantee high performance

secure data consistency

secure access to the database

reduce the database server overhead

reduce code size in PHP

16.What is the best way to ensure that a user-defined function is always passed an object as its single parameter?

function myfunction(stdClass $a)

function myfunction($a = stdClass)

Use is_object() within the function

There is no way to ensure the parameter will be an object.

function myfunction(Object $a)

17.What is the difference between the ``include`` and ``require`` language constructs?

Require constructs can't be used with URL filenames

Include constructs cause a fatal error if the file doesn't exist

There is no difference other than the name

Include constructs are processed at run time; require constructs are processed at compile time

Require constructs cause a fatal error if the file can't be read

18.What would you replace ??????? with, below, to make the string Hello, World! be displayed? function myfunction() { /* ??????? */ print $string; } myfunction("Hello, World!");

There is no way to do this.

$string = $argv[1];

$string = $_ARGV[0];

list($string) = func_get_args();

$string = get_function_args();

19.What is the output of the following? $a = 20; function myfunction($b) { $a = 30; global $a, $c; return $c = ($b + $a); } print myfunction(40) + $c;

120

Syntax Error

60

70

20.What are the three access modifiers that you can use in PHP objects?

protected

public

static

private

final

21.How can you modify the copy of an object during a clone operation?

Put the logic in the object's constructor to alter the values

Implment your own function to do object copying

Implement the object's __clone() method

Implement __get() and __set() methods with the correct logic

Implement the __copy() method with the correct logic

22.What three special methods can be used to perform special logic in the event a particular accessed method or member variable is not found?

__get($variable)

__call($method, $params)

__destruct()

__set($variable, $value)

__call($method)

23.Which php.ini directive should be disabled to prevent the execution of a remote PHP script via an include or require construct?

You cannot disable remote PHP script execution

curl.enabled

allow_remote_url

allow_url_fopen

allow_require

24.Consider the following code: session_start(); if(!empty($_REQUEST['id']) && !empty($_REQUEST['quantity'])) { $id = scrub_id($_REQUEST['id']); $quantity = scrub_quantity($_REQUEST['quantity']) $_SESSION['cart'][] = array('id' => $id, 'quantity' => $quantity) } /* .... */ What potential security hole would this code snippet produce?

Cross-Site Scripting Attack

There is no security hole in this code

Code Injection

SQL Injection

Cross-Site Request Forgery

25.Which of the following are not valid ways to embed a variable into a string?

$a = "Value: $value->getValue()";

$a = "Value: {$value}";

$a = 'Value: $value';

$a = "Value: $value";

$a = "Value: {$value['val']}";

26.Consider the following script: $oranges = 10; $apples = 5; $string = "I have %d apples and %d oranges"; ??????? What could be placed in place of ?????? to output the string: "I have 5 apples and 10 oranges"

str_format($string, $apples, $oranges);

print($string, $apples, $oranges);

printf($string, $apples, $oranges);

print sprintf($apples, $oranges);

sprintf($string, $oranges, $apples);

27.If regular expressions must be used, in general which type of regular expression functions available to PHP is preferred for performance reasons?

strtok() using regular expressions

preg_* regular expression functions

parse_str() using regular expressions

strregex* regular expression functions

ereg* regular expression functions

28.To force a user to redirect to a new URL from within a PHP 5 script, which of the following should be used?

Send a HTTP "Location:" header

Use the HTML <redirect> Tag

Send a HTTP "Forward:" header

Use the redirect() function

29.One can ensure that headers can always be sent from a PHP script by doing what?

Enable header buffering in PHP 5

Set the header.force INI directive to true

Enable output buffering in PHP 5

There is no way to ensure that headers can always be set, they must always be checked

None of the above

30.Which of the following is not a valid fopen() access mode:

b

x

a

w

r+